This simple toy has two handles connected by two pieces of string and a disc in the middle of the string between the two handles. It is then possible to make the disc spin really fast by pulling of the two handles. There are lots of videos of how you can make your own on Youtube, including this one:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCutHjdDFvY
Some scientists at Stanford University have taken this simple toy and are using it to save lives. In order to work out if a patient has a particular illness, doctors often need to take a sample of blood. Blood is made up of four main components: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma. It is necessary to separate the blood into these individual components to identify an illness. To separate these components the blood is spun around really fast. In a lab this is done using a centrifuge, which is very expensive. The scientists at Stanford have shown how this very cheap simple toy can be used to do the same job.
Here is a video showing it in action and the scientists explaining more about what it can do:
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